Template:Infobox language

Infobox language
Language family	Default Infobox language
Language codes
ISO 639-3	–

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Template documentation

This template is for use in articles about languages or dialects. It provides a common standard for displaying data about a language.

Usage

{{Infobox language
| name          = name of language #REQUIRED
| altname       = additional name of the language
| nativename    = native or a second additional name
| pronunciation = IPA pronunciation of the native name
| states (state) = countries in which it is mainly spoken
| region        = geographic region in which it is mainly spoken
| latd  = | latm  = | latNS  = <!-- latitude degrees/minutes/direction -->
| longd = | longm = | longEW = <!-- longitude degrees/minutes/direction -->
| ethnicity     = people for whom this is the ethnically native language; also good for the ethnic population if different from the number of speakers
                  (although the names chosen for the articles on the people and on the language will generally be the same, it may be appropriate to pipe in the native name of the people here)
| speakers      = {{sigfig|number of native speakers/signers|2}}
| extinct       = date of extinction, or information about extinction; 'speakers' will not display
| era           = era of use of a historical language, such as one that developed into something else; 'speakers' will not display
| date          = date of estimate of number of speakers/signers (must start with a 4-digit year: see next)
| dateprefix    = anything wanted inside the parentheses before the date
| ref           = reference for the number of speakers/signers. Appears after the (date) field.
| speakers2     = 2nd line (2nd estimate, 2nd country, L2 speakers, etc.)
| familycolor   = appropriate language family #REQUIRED
                  See table below for list of options. Please do not use other names, as they will not be recognised, and the table will be colored grey.
                  In most cases, 'familycolor' will trigger a default entry for the 'fam1' field, so that field is not necessary (you can continue will 'fam2'),
                  but you can override this by entering something under 'fam1'. For areal colors (American, Khoisan, Paleosiberian, etc.), you will be prompted
                  for a 'fam1' entry if you do not provide one. If 'isolate' or 'unclassified' is used, the fam1–xx tree will not display.
| fam1          = the broadest possible widely accepted [[language family]] of which the language is a part
| fam2          = a more specific sub-family
| ...
| fam15         = most specific sub group
| family        = whatever you want to say; fam1–xx will not display
| ancestor(2/3) = ancestral or reconstructed forms
| creator       = name of language creator
| created       = year of first creation
| setting       = the use or setting for a created language
| posteriori    = natural-language sources of a created language
| dia1          = a primary dialect
| dia2          = another primary dialect
| ...             (up to 20)
| dialects      = whatever you want to say
| stand1        = a standardized register
| stand2        = a second standardized register
| ...             (up to 6)
| standards     = whatever you want to say
| script        = the writing system(s) used for the language by literate speakers
| nation        = list of countries in which it is an official language
| minority      = list of countries in which it is a recognised minority language
| agency        = regulatory body or language academy for the language
| iso1          = the ISO 639-1 code for the language
| iso2          = the ISO 639-2 code for the language (not for its family)
| iso2b         = the ISO 639-2 bibliographic code
| iso2t         = the ISO 639-2 terminological code
| iso3          = the ISO 639-3 code for the language.
                  Field will display even if left empty, unless 'lc1' etc. is used.
                  Use 'none' if the language (not dialect) has no iso3 code, and the article will be added to [[:Category:Languages without iso3 codes]].
                  Use 'linglist' if it has an iso3 code, but this is maintained at Linguist List instead of at SIL. Add the code itself under |linglist=
                  (This is not necessary if the SIL page provides its own link to the Linguist List page.)
| iso3comment   = for comments to not interfere with the link
| isoexception  = a maintenance field to organize cleanup categories (see below).
                  currently excludes article from general missing-ISO category if set to 'dialect', 'historical', 'protolanguage', or 'talkpage'.
| lc1           = ISO code of the first dialect (the 'iso3' field will not display if empty and this is included)
| ld1           = name of the first language dialect
| lc2           = ISO code of the second dialect
| ld2           = name of the second language dialect
| ...             (up to 45)
| iso6          = the ISO 639-6 code for the language.
| linglist      = a private or local Linguist List ISO 639-3 code or substitute for an ISO code; use xxx-xxx format for dialects.
                  Use for code range qaa–qtz or those involving numerals only; enter other codes under 'iso3' and the reader will be redirected from Ethnologue.
| lingname      = comment on the Linguist List code or support
| linglist2/3   = additional Linguist List codes
| lingname2/3   = additional comments. (If Linguist List has redundant codes, write to them, and they will likely retire them.)
| lingua        = the Linguasphere code for the language
| guthrie       = the Guthrie code for Bantu languages
| aiatsis       = the AIATSIS code for Australian languages (linked)
| aiatsis2/3    = additional AIATSIS codes
| aiatsis(2,3)name = name of code, if not that of the info box, or note to appear after code
| image         = image at top of info box. Use format "image name.png", without "file/image" or brackets.
| imagesize     = override default image size (currently 250px). Use units ("123px", "12em")
| imagealt      = alt text for the image
| imagecaption  = caption to appear under image
| imageheader   = brief header for image (appears in the left-hand column)
| map           = image at bottom of info box. Use format "image name.png", without "file/image" or brackets.
| mapsize       = override default map size (currently 350px). Use units ("123px", "12em"). Affects both maps.
| mapalt        = alt text for the map
| mapcaption    = caption to appear under map
| map2          = a second map
| mapalt2       = alt text for the second map
| mapcaption2   = caption to appear under both maps
| boxsize       = overrides default width of infobox, currently set at 22em. Format must include units ("12em" or "123px").
                  Useful when an article has various infoboxes aligned in a column. (Box will automatically expand to fix map wider than default box width.)
| notice        = IPA/ipa [adds notice for IPA notation]
}}

Syntax

{{Infobox language
| name          = 
| altname       = 
| nativename    = 
| pronunciation = 
| states (state) = 
| region        = 
| latd  = | latm  = | latNS  = <!-- latitude degrees/minutes/direction -->
| longd = | longm = | longEW = <!-- longitude degrees/minutes/direction -->
| ethnicity     = 
| speakers      = 
| extinct       = 
| era           = 
| date          = 
| dateprefix    = 
| ref           = 
| speakers2     = 
| familycolor   = 
| fam1          = 
| fam2          = 
| fam15         = 
| family        = 
| ancestor(2/3) = 
| creator       = 
| created       = 
| setting       = 
| posteriori    = 
| dia1          = 
| dia2          = 
| dialects      = 
| stand1        = 
| stand2        = 
| standards     = 
| script        = 
| nation        = 
| minority      = 
| agency        = 
| iso1          = 
| iso2          = 
| iso2b         = 
| iso2t         =  
| iso3          = 
| iso3comment   = 
| isoexception  = 
| lc1           = 
| ld1           = 
| lc2           = 
| ld2           = 
| iso6          = 
| linglist      = 
| lingname      = 
| linglist2/3   = 
| lingname2/3   = 
| lingua        = 
| guthrie       = 
| aiatsis       = 
| aiatsis2/3    = 
| aiatsis(2,3)name = 
| image         = 
| imagesize     = 
| imagealt      = 
| imagecaption  = 
| imageheader   = 
| map           = 
| mapsize       = 
| mapalt        = 
| mapcaption    = 
| map2          = 
| mapalt2       = 
| mapcaption2   = 
| boxsize       = 
| notice        =  
}}

Example

English
Pronunciation	/ˈɪŋɡlɪʃ/<ref>English Adjective – Oxford Advanced Learner's Dictionary – Oxford University Press ©2010.</ref>
Region	(see below)
Native speakers	360 million  (cited 2010)<ref name=NE>Nationalencyklopedin "Världens 100 största språk 2010" The World's 100 Largest Languages in 2010</ref> L2: 375 million and 750 million EFL<ref name=BritishCouncilEnglish>"Future of English". The British Council. Retrieved 24 August 2011.  (page 10)</ref>
Language family	Indo-European Germanic West Germanic Anglo–Frisian Anglic English
Writing system	English alphabet (Latin script)
Official status
Official language in	54 countries 27 non-sovereign entities United Nations European Union Commonwealth of Nations Council of Europe IOC NATO NAFTA OAS OECD OIC PIF UKUSA Agreement
Language codes
ISO 639-1	en
ISO 639-2	eng
ISO 639-3	eng
Linguasphere	52-ABA
File:Anglospeak.svg   Countries where English is the native language of the majority of the population   Countries where English is an official but not primary language

2010|}}

{{Infobox language 
| name = English 
| pronunciation = {{IPAc-en|ˈ|ɪ|ŋ|ɡ|l|ɪ|ʃ}}<ref>[http://www.oxfordadvancedlearnersdictionary.com/dictionary/english_2 English Adjective] – Oxford Advanced Learner's Dictionary – Oxford University Press ©2010.</ref> |region = (see [[#Geographical distribution|below]]) 
| speakers = 360 million 
| date = 2010 
| dateprefix = cited 
| ref = <ref name=NE>[[Nationalencyklopedin]] "Världens 100 största språk 2010" The World's 100 Largest Languages in 2010</ref> 
| speakers2 = [[Second language|L2]]: 375 million and 750 million [[English as a foreign or second language|EFL]]<ref name=BritishCouncilEnglish>{{cite web |url=http://www.britishcouncil.org/learning-elt-future.pdf |title=Future of English|accessdate=24 August 2011 |publisher=The British Council}} (page 10)</ref> 
| familycolor = Indo-European 
| fam2 = [[Germanic languages|Germanic]] 
| fam3 = [[West Germanic languages|West Germanic]] 
| fam4 = [[Anglo-Frisian languages|Anglo–Frisian]] 
| fam5 = [[English languages|Anglic]] 
| script = [[English alphabet]] ([[Latin script]]) 
| nation = [[List of countries where English is an official language#Sovereign states|54 countries]]<br />[[List of countries where English is an official language#Non-sovereign entities|27 non-sovereign entities]]<br />[[United Nations]]<br />[[European Union]]<br />[[Commonwealth of Nations]]<br />[[Council of Europe]]<br />[[International Olympic Committee|IOC]]<br />[[NATO]]<br />[[North American Free Trade Agreement|NAFTA]]<br />[[Organization of American States|OAS]]<br />[[Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development|OECD]]<br />[[Organisation of Islamic Cooperation|OIC]]<br />[[Pacific Islands Forum|PIF]]<br />[[UKUSA Agreement]] 
| iso1 = en 
| iso2 = eng 
| iso3 = eng 
| lingua = 52-ABA 
| map = Anglospeak.svg 
| mapcaption = {{legend|#0000ff|Countries where English is the native language of the majority of the population}} {{legend|#8ddada|Countries where English is an official but not primary language}} 
| notice = IPA 
}}

References in infobox

Placement

The template should placed at the very top of the wikitext of the article, before any text. The absolute basic syntax is as shown below:

{{Infobox language ← this calls the template

| name = name of language ← the name of the language needs to be given

| familycolor = appropriate language family ← refer to the coloured chart to the right (or above, depending on your browser), and type the name shown there; this will add the appropriate family color to the template top. Using "Altaic" or "Caucasian" etc. does *not* result in a claim that the language belongs to that family: think of them as areal codings.

}} ← this ends the template call

However, you will probably want to add more than just this. Other parameters are listed below, they can be incorporated anywhere between the first and last lines, and in any order.

Additional parameters

There are several more parameters that can be defined between the opening and closing lines. These are:

| altname = additional name of the language [not every one, but one a reader would be likely to look for]

| nativename = native name, or a second alternative name [most cases as of 2012 not actually the native name]

| states = countries in which it is mainly spoken (multigenerational communities) ← you do not have to define both this and region. Do not use flag icons except for national or official status (WP:INFOBOXFLAG).

| region = geographic region in which it is mainly spoken ← you do not have to define both this and states; use this parameter for a single statement about geographic distribution. It is not for the broader region where the states are located, but rather the regions within the country, or across countries, where it is spoken. (That is, do not add SE Asia if we state it's in Laos, or West Africa if we state it's in Mali.)

| speakers = the number of native speakers of the language. If unknown, enter ⟨?⟩ and do not enter NA for the date. If no native speakers, enter ⟨none⟩. Otherwise, if no date is supplied, missing date will be displayed. Use {{sigfig|...|2}} to round to 2 significant figures while retaining the exact figure from the reference.

| date = the date of publication of the estimate of the number of speakers.

Used for calculations for obsolete data, so needs to start with a 4-digit year. Exception: If ⟨NA⟩ is entered, nothing will display. If ⟨no date⟩ is entered, "no date" will display. Do not enter a date parameter at all if speakers is set to ⟨none⟩.

Articles with old dates (currently ≥ 30 years) appear in Category:Language articles with old speaker data.

| ref = reference for the speaker data.

If ⟨e17⟩ is entered, this will automatically generate a reference to the Ethnologue 17 article that bears the ISO 639-3 code entered at 'iso3'.

To link to the auto-generated reference from elsewhere in the article, use <ref name=e17/>.

⟨e16⟩ and <ref name=e16/> or ⟨e15⟩ and <ref name=e15/> can be used to ref the 16th or 15th edition, for example for extinct languages which are no longer supported.

⟨linglist⟩ and <ref name=linglist/> can be used to ref the MultiTree entry at the Linguist List.

<ref name=Guthrie/> and <ref name=AIATSIS/> can be used in the text to cross-ref Maho's edition of the Guthrie list for Bantu languages and the AIATSIS entry for Australian languages, but unlike Ethnologue, require this longer format for the |ref field of the infobox as well.

| speakers2 = a 2nd line for speaker data, such as L2 speakers, appearing after the date.

If this is a second line of L1 speakers, it should be arranged so that, if there are two dates cited, the oldest appears in the date parameter, for automated update calculations. Data from different countries should not be added together if they are not comparable: say if one is from 1973 and another from 2006, or if one is rounded to the nearest million and another is on the order of 10,000.

| iso1 = the ISO 639-1 code for the language

| iso2 = the ISO 639-2 code for the language; creates a link to the ISO page ← see just hereafter for the situation where a language has two ISO 639-2 codes

| iso3 = the ISO 639-3 code for the language; creates a link to the ISO page ← see below for the situation where multiple ISO 639-3 codes apply; if there is no ISO 639-3 code, set iso3=none to return the text none and add the article to a list of uncoded languages (if iso3comment is also used, that will display in place of none)

Only iso3 will appear (with a dash) if the code is omitted. If a language has two ISO 639-2 codes, one will be defined as the bibliographic code, and the other terminological. These can be added in separate fields using the following parameters:

| iso2b = the ISO 639-2 bibliographic code

| iso2t = the ISO 639-2 terminological code

| lingua = the Linguasphere code for the language

| linglist(2,3) = the Linguist List code(s) for the language. May be a proper ISO code maintained at Linguist List, or a local non-ISO code; creates a link to the Linguist List page.

| lingname(2,3) = the Linguist List name for the language, or other comment

| guthrie = the Guthrie code for Bantu languages. Generates a reference which can be accessed via name="Guthrie".

| aiatsis(2,3) = the AIATSIS code(s) for Australian languages. Generates a reference which can be accessed via name="AIATSIS".

| aiatsis(2,3)name = the AIATSIS name, if different from the entry at |name=.

| iso3comment = allows a comment in the ISO field that will not interfere with the link

| isoexception = handles exceptions to the handling of missing ISO codes. Currently there are dedicated tracking categories for 'dialect' (variety of a language with an ISO code), 'historical' (ancestral form of a language with an ISO code), 'protolanguage', 'talkpage' (add to templates on talk pages and in archives so that they stop showing up in the tracking categories).

Genetic classification

You can use the language template to show the genetic classification of a language at a glance. This classification is displayed as a descending staircase of language families, from the broadest to the most specific. To add the genetic classification use the following:

| fam1 = the broadest possible widely accepted language family of which the language is a part ← if this would be exactly the same as you have defined for familycolor, it may be omitted

| fam2 = a more specific sub-family

| fam3 = a more specific group

You can keep adding parameters in like fashion until you have completed the classification. If you would prefer to enter some other information in this box (for example, disputed), use this parameter instead:

| family = whatever you want to say (sequesters the repetition of the name of the language)

This can be set to "na" to avoid specifying a family relationship at all, an for a geographical group that has no single origin.

Ancestral forms may be useful when we have an article on them, or when they have been assigned ISO codes:

| ancestor = an ancestral form, such as Old English or Proto-Basque

| ancestor2/3 = intermediate ancestral forms, such as Middle English or Aquitanian

Optional parameters

Some parts of the template remain invisible unless they are specifically called. Only use these parameters if they are required.

| fontcolor = colour of font against 'familycolor' ← the font colour is usually black, use this to change it if it is difficult to read

| pronunciation = pronunciation of the native name of the language in IPA → remember to enclose the transcription in an IPA template such as {{IPA-all}}

| nation = list of countries in which it is an official language

| minority = list of countries in which it is a recognised minority language

| agency = regulatory body or language academy for the language

| extinct = date of extinction, or information about extinction ← this replaces speakers

| era = era of use of an ancestral form of a language ← this replaces speakers

| script = writing system(s) used to represent the language ← in the form script (instantiation), such as "Latin (English alphabet)"
(Common variants of "Latin (alphabet)" redirect to Latin script. For the Latin alphabet itself, add an element such as  .)

Language with more than one ISO 639-3 code

Some languages have a number of ISO 639-3 codes, one for each dialect of that language. If you try putting all of these codes in the usual iso3 = parameter, it will get quite messy. Instead, use the following parameters:

| lc1 = language code of the first dialect

| ld1 = name of the first language dialect

For subsequent dialects, use lc2 and so forth. Lc entries will be automatically linked to the Ethnologue site. Wikipedia articles on the dialects may be linked from the ld entries..

For languages with an ISO 639-3 macrolanguage code and several individual codes, use iso3 for the macrolanguage and lcn, ldn for the individual codes.

Constructed languages

This template is appropriate to use for constructed languages. The following parameters can be used:

| creator = name of language creator

| created = year of first creation

| setting = the use or setting for the language

| posteriori = natural-language sources

Using these parameters, or setting familycolor=Conlang, automatically sets the coloured bars of the infobox to <syntaxhighlight lang="text" class="" id="" style="" inline="1">black</syntaxhighlight> background with white fonts, and removes the states and region parameters from use (nation is also disabled). If the iso2 parameter is left undefined, it is treated as being iso2=art. For conlangs, the family or famn parameters are used to describe the hierarchy of purpose of the language, whereas posteriori is used to describe the a posteriori sources on which the conlang draws.

Images in the template

You should not put large images at the top of the language template: they just make it very messy. You can place a small image at the top of the template using the following parameters:

| image = image name.png

| imagesize = 200px ← overrides the default image size

| imagealt = alt text

| imagecaption = caption

| imageheader = very simple description of image ('logo', 'map', 'script', etc.) ← this is placed in the left-hand column, and so needs to be short

If you have a larger image or two, such as a map, you can place them at the bottom of the template, spanning both columns, with the following parameter:

| map(2) = image name.png

| mapsize = 300px ← overrides the default image size

| mapalt(2) = alt text

| mapcaption(2) = caption

The usual image markup applies for both images. Alt text is for visually impaired readers, and the caption is for all readers; typically they should have little in common (see WP:ALT).

Footer notice

A notice or notices may be placed at the bottom of the infobox:

| notice=ipa ← places a notice about the Unicode fonts used for displaying IPA

Sub-templates

1. Template:Infobox language/codelist
2. Template:Infobox language/family-color
3. Template:Infobox language/genetic
4. Template:Infobox language/linguistlist
5. Template:Infobox language/ref
6. Template:Infobox language/quilt

Error-tracking categories

With 5,000 articles, manual review is insufficient. The following automating tracking categories should catch some of the more common errors. They also produce lists of articles that should be reviewed occasionally, because they lack population data or the data is dated.

ISO support

• Category:Languages without ISO 639-3 code – [iso3=] is set to 'none', as it is not (yet) included in ISO. May have other codes.
  • Category:Conlangs without ISO 639-3 code (subcat: most conlangs do not qualify for ISO)
  • Category:Nonexistent E17 links (setting [iso3=none] and [ref=e17] generates an invalid reference)
• Category:Language articles without language codes – no language code listed, but not specifically excluded from ISO with [iso3=none]
  • Category:Languages without ISO 639-3 code but with Linguist List code
    • subcat Category:Dialects with Linguist List code – LingList codes some dialects with sub-ISO codes as "xxx-yyy"
  • Category:Languages without ISO 639-3 code but with Linguasphere code
  • Category:Languages without ISO 639-3 code but with AIATSIS code
  • Category:Languages without ISO 639-3 code but with Guthrie code
  • Category:Dialects of languages with ISO codes (a normal exception)
  • Category:Historical forms of languages with ISO codes (a normal exception)
  • Category:Protolanguages without ISO codes (a normal exception)
• Category:Languages which need ISO 639-3 comment – triggered by [lc1=] without [lc2=] (once used as a way to provide comments; occasionally still appropriate with [iso3=] when a second but redundant ISO code is included)
• Category:Languages with ISO 639-2 code (sometimes the 639-3 code is mistakenly copied into the iso2 field)
• Category:Languages with ISO 639-1 code

Speaker and date issues

• Category:Language articles without speaker estimate – no entry under [speakers=], and not extinct, a sign language, or a conlang
• Category:Language articles with invalid population dates – entry error at [date=] (anything other than a 4-digit number at start)
• Category:Language articles with speaker number undated – no entry at [date=]
  • Category:Language articles with 'no date' set – [date=no date], used when the source lacks a date
  • Category:Language articles with NA population dates – [date=NA], used when a date does not apply
• Category:Language articles with old speaker data (currently set to > 30 years)
• Category:Language articles without reference field
• Category:Language articles citing Ethnologue 16
• Category:Language articles citing Ethnologue 15
• Category:Language articles citing Ethnologue 14

Classification

• Category:Language articles with spurious family (generally because [fam1=] is autofilled from [familycolor] to 'American', 'Australian', 'Papuan', 'Khoisan', 'Caucasian', 'Andamanese', or 'Paleosiberian')
• Category:Languages without family color codes – no or invalid familycolor
• Category:Languages without classification – family displayed as 'unknown' (sometimes triggered by SLs or conlangs)

Other

• Category:Language articles needing infoboxes (manual cat: switch off (to "no") if you judge the article does not need one)
• Category:Ill-formatted infobox-language images – images need to be stripped of external file formatting
• Category:Language articles with unsupported infobox fields (detects only specified errors, primarily 'caption' for image/map caption)

See also

• Template:Infobox language family